CREST syndrome is associated with detectable antibodies against centromeres (a component … By clicking Submit, I agree to the MedicineNet's Terms & Conditions & Privacy Policy and understand that I may opt out of MedicineNet's subscriptions at any time. Others only use it to prevent Raynaud's – for example, during cold weather. Laboratory tests are done primarily to look for underlying conditions. 2017.12:CD000467. An adult hand with Raynaud’s syndrome. Source: "A thermal image demonstrating the loss of heat in a Reynaud's sufferer" by Joe m2013 - Own work. Though there is no cure for Sjögren's syndrome, the symptoms may be treated by using lubricating eye ointments, drinking plenty of water, humidifying the air, and using glycerin swabs. In some cases, it also causes less blood flow to the ears, toes, nipples, knees, or nose. Raynaud's disease (or Raynaud's Syndrome) is a rare disorder of the blood vessels, usually in the fingers and toes. Skin discoloration occurs because an abnormal spasm of the blood vessels causes diminished blood flow to the local tissues. It can also occur as a “secondary” condition related to other diseases, such as scleroderma, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis. It is named after Maurice Raynaud, the doctor who first acknowledged it. ANAs are indicative of the potential presence of an autoimmune illness. ©1996-2021 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Also known as Raynaud’s syndrome or Raynaud’s phenomenon, Raynaud’s disease affects 5 to 10 percent of Americans, but only 1 in 10 seek treatment. People can have Raynaud's phenomenon alone or as a part of other rheumatic diseases. leg pain while walking, Sjögren's syndrome with gland inflammation (resulting dry eyes and mouth, etc.) Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), unusual antibodies that can bind to certain structures within the nucleus of the cells, are found in patients whose immune system may be predisposed to cause inflammation against their own body tissues. What is Raynaud's phenomenon vs. Raynaud's disease? Raynaud’s phenomenon (also called Raynaud’s disease or Raynaud’s syndrome) is a disorder that affects the blood vessels in the fingers and toes. There is some early evidence that fatty acid and other nutritional supplements could be helpful. ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Sjögren's syndrome that is also associated with a connective tissue disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or scleroderma, is referred to as secondary Sjögren's syndrome. There are two procedures that may be done in the office to evaluate possible Raynaud's syndrome: A diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome may seem obvious, but one cannot be formally made until certain criteria are met.. What is the prognosis (outlook) for Raynaud's phenomenon? Thought to affect roughly 5 percent of the population in the United States, Raynaud's more common in colder climates and in those who have a family history of the condition.. Use of Nitroglycerine Ointment to Treat Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Systematic Literature Review. An antinuclear antibody test (ANA) test often done when autoimmune diseases or connective tissue disorders are suspected. Biofeedback can also help to decrease the severity and frequency of RP in some patients. As noted, there are many options, and one category of oral or topical treatment may work better for one person than another. Why does it happen? Trench foot and frostbite, however, require medical attention. Raynaud's syndrome is a condition in which a person's fingers, and sometimes toes, turn blue and/or white upon exposure to cold, and then bright red upon rewarming. Your doctor might order other tests, such as those that rule out diseases of the arteries, to help pinpoint a condition that can be associated with Raynaud's. Examples include Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil). 2016;82(1):6–16. The terms Raynaud’s Phenomenon , Raynaud’s Syndrome or Secondary Raynaud’s are used when there is an underlying disorder or trauma such as scleroderma, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, frostbite or another condition is present. It could be Raynaud’s phenomenon. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Recent research has shown that the blood-pressure drug losartan (Cozaar, Hyzaar) can reduce the severity of episodes of RP. Clinical trials. Sedimentation rate is a common blood test that is used to detect and monitor inflammation in the body. erythematosus (SLE). Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. An accurate diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome is important both in controlling the symptoms and preventing complications. Raynaud’s phenomenon is a disorder that causes decreased blood flow to the fingers. Updated September 2019. UpToDate. Patient Comments: Raynaud's Phenomenon - Describe Your Experience, Patient Comments: Raynaud's Phenomenon - Treatments, Patient Comments: Raynaud's Phenomenon -Symptoms, Read more about Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma, Knee Procedure Done Earlier Prevent Replacement. Alpha-blockers, such as Minipress (prazosin), Cardura (doxazosin), and Hytrin (terazosin): These medications prevent the action of a hormone that constricts blood vessels. Risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon include injury from frostbite and vibrating tools, medications (bleomycin [Blenoxane]), propranolol (Inderal), ergotamine), and having rheumatic autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. What research is being done on Raynaud's phenomenon? Raynaud's phenomenon occurs because of spasm of blood vessels. The digit(s) then turn blue (cyanosis) because of a prolonged lack of oxygen. Take time to learn about your disease. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by a pale-blue-red sequence of color changes of the digits, most commonly after exposure to cold. Angiotensin-receptor blockers, such as Cozaar or Hyzaar (losartan), may decrease the severity of attacks. The local nitric oxide, it seems, may open the blood vessels and improve the impaired circulation. Raynaud's Phenomenon. He is an associate professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine and the head of rheumatology at Seattle’s Harborview Medical Center. Symptoms of tingling, swelling, and then painful throbbing may occur (more common with secondary Raynaud's syndrome). This problem is more common in women than men. Finally, the blood vessels reopen, causing a local "flushing" phenomenon, which turns the digit(s) red. Vasoconstriction in the extremities is a normal, protective response to cold exposure. Rare features include polyneuropathy that may be a sensory peripheral neuropathy, cranial neuropathy, usually of the facial or trigeminal nerves, or vasculitis which can produce a mononeuritis multiplex . Occurring as a result of spasm of blood vessels, the cause is unknown. With connective tissue disorders, accurate treatment may reduce the damage to blood vessels that can lead to Raynaud's phenomenon. Calcium channel blockers, which work to dilate blood vessels, are some of the safest and most helpful medications used for Raynaud's. Clots that break off and travel to the digits (emboli) can also cause occlusion of the blood vessels in the digits and tissue death. The New England Journal of Medicine. Warm clothing in colder environments is essential. Less common areas of the body that can be affected by RP include the nose, ears, and tongue. Published July 2009. It is performed by measuring the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) settle in a test tube. The signs and symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome can range from barely detectable to those that greatly limit activities and affect a person's quality of life. Rheumatology International. Raynaud’s can occur as a “primary” disease; that is, with no associated disorder. While at first symptoms may suggest primary Raynaud's syndrome, the diagnostic process can sometimes discover underlying autoimmune conditions (there are more than 80 types) associated with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Some people need to take this medicine every day. Other sympatholytic drugs, such as Aldomet (methyldopa), Ismelin (guanethidine), and Dibenzyline (phenoxybenzamine). Raynaud’s disease can cause the loss of colour and numbness on fingers and toes. Management of Raynaud's phenomenon involves preventing the spasm of the blood vessels by protecting the fingers and the toes from cold, trauma, and infection. Wigley F, Post T (ed). Simple initial care involves keeping the body warm, especially the extremities. Protect your hands with mittens or gloves, and your feet with thick socks (some people find it helpful to wear them outside as well as to bed). Niacin (vitamin B3) dilates blood vessels (as opposed to the constriction of vessels that leads to symptoms of Raynaud's) but side effects such as diarrhea and flushing may limit its use. Secondary Raynaud's syndrome tends to have a later onset than the primary condition, and it is commonly diagnosed around the age of 40. It is associated with a number of underlying causes, such as hypothyroidism, and can be more severe. Want More News? No one blood test can diagnose Raynaud's. Gangrene may result when blood flow to a tissue is lost or not adequate to keep the tissue alive. When internal organs are involved, the condition is called systemic lupus Raynaud’s Disease or Primary Raynaud’s exists when there does not appear to be an underlying disorder. Raynaud's phenomenon is a type of vascular disease characterized by a pale to blue to red sequence of color changes of the digits, most commonly after exposure to cold. American College of Rheumatology. The symptoms may involve only one or more fingers, though it's uncommon for thumbs to be affected. Other areas of the body may be affected as well. Raynaud's. It's your body's way of maintaining warmth in your core, where vital organs reside. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Gently applied finger splints are used to protect ulcerated areas. Source: eMedicineHealth - Image courtesy of Shabir Bhimji, MD / Tcal at English Wikipedia / Walt Fletcher at English Wikipedia, What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)? Most people with a mild form of the disease do very well and complications are uncommon. Episodes of Raynaud's are not always predictable, but there are several common triggers including: For most people, Raynaud's syndrome is a nuisance and uncomfortable but does not result in lasting damage. Try to avoid secondhand smoke as well. With secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, thickening of the blood vessel walls, or other changes, may magnify this effect. The Raynaud’s Association. Also, avoid too-small rings, snug shoes, tight watches, and anything that constricts circulation to your hands and feet. If you've been diagnosed, putting attention toward the details of your symptoms and their triggers is invaluable. Spasms of blood vessels happen in response to cold, stress, or emotional upset. These arteries spasm (tighten), often because of cold weather. Raynaud’s disease, also known as Raynaud’s phenomenon, is a common condition that can cause the blood vessels in the hands or feet to temporarily spasm and constrict. Lupus can cause disease of the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, joints, and nervous system. Raynaud’s Syndrome Key Points . Patients with persistent or bothersome symptoms may be helped by taking oral medications that open (dilate) blood vessels. The Adults With Disabilities Act requires employers who have 15 or more employees to provide "reasonable accommodations" for those with some medical conditions. There are many ways in which this could help, such as checking out the option for working from home during particularly cold days. With secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, the underlying disease can also be challenging. Skin discoloration occurs because an abnormal spasm of the blood vessels causes a diminished blood supply to the local tissues. With conditions such as hypothyroidism, accurate and optimal treatment of the condition can significantly improve symptoms, as cold extremities are a symptom of undertreated thyroid disease as well. 1) no freezing of body tissue (trench foot and chilblains), and 2) freezing of body tissues (frostbite). Raynaud’s phenomenon can occur as a result of using vibrating machinery, for example pneumatic drills, hammer drills, hedge cutters and other power tools. October 2019. Wigley F., and N. Flavahan. Most cases of dry gangrene are not infected. These can range from skin ulcers that are slow to heal and scarring. (When Raynaud's phenomenon occurs with Buerger disease, it is usually in only one or two digits). Treatment Of Raynaud Phenomenon: Initial Management. If you have secondary Raynaud's, optimal treatment of the underlying condition (such as control of connective tissue disorders or optimal thyroid treatment) is essential, and medication may be a part of that. It's often referred to as Raynaud’s syndrome, Raynaud’s disease or just Raynaud's. These include: The goals of treatment with Raynaud's syndrome are to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks and prevent complications. When your blood vessels narrow, your blood flow is reduced and this can lead to Raynaud’s attacks. Moderate exercise can improve circulation and can be of benefit. Approximately 5-10 percent of all Americans suffer from Raynaud’s, but only one out of ten sufferers seeks treatment. What are risk factors from Raynaud's phenomenon? When only the skin is involved, the condition is called discoid lupus. A Guide To Disability Rights Laws. Find causes, diagnosis, and treatments for lupus, a disease most commonly found in women. Dry gangrene usually doesn't cause the patient to die. ©1996-2020 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Symptoms of frostbite include pain, burning, numbness, and eventually a complete loss of sensation in the affected body part. Most people with RP have a sensitivity to cold. Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.. Lifestyle and home remedies Keep warm. Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (or Raynaud’s disease, or just Raynaud’s) is the most common form of Raynaud’s phenomenon. Keeping your eye on the thermostat is also key, as air conditioning is a common trigger for attacks. The 16 characteristic early RA signs and symptoms include the following. Peripheral artery disease symptoms include intermittent If you develop dry hands or feet, especially foot cracks, use a good lubricating lotion or ointment to keep your skin moist. Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition where blood flow to your fingers, toes, ears, or nose is restricted or interrupted. Most people have mild symptoms. Some prescription drugs, such as oral contraceptives (the birth control pill), estrogen replacement therapy, and beta-blockers (for heart disease or high blood pressure), can worsen symptoms for some people. About 20% have Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon who have no symptoms other than the color changes of extremities may require only home-remedy measures to prevent complications. that is not associated with another connective tissue disease is referred to as primary Sjögren's syndrome. Wearing layers of clothing, scarves, and especially keeping your head covered (with a hat that covers your earlobes) to prevent heat loss is imperative. Injuries to the hands or feet can increase your risk of complications from Raynaud's, as the healing of cuts, scrapes, and bruises can happen slowly. Raynaud's phenomenon has been seen with a number of conditions, including rheumatic autoimmune diseases (scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and mixed connective tissue disease), hormone imbalance (hypothyroidism and carcinoid), trauma (frostbite, vibrating tools), medications (propranolol [Inderal], estrogens without additional progesterone, bleomycin [Blenoxane] used in cancer treatment, and ergotamine used for headaches), nicotine, and even rarely with cancers. These clues can help you know which lifestyle adjustments may help you most. Treatment for peripheral artery disease include lifestyle measures, medication, angioplasty, and surgery. The outlook for those affected by Raynaud's phenomenon depends on its severity and whether or not there is associated underlying medical illness. There is, however, no single blood test to help the doctor to confirm the diagnosis. Hand and Foot Pain: Causes and Treatments, Living With Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hands, Try a Natural Approach to Raynaud's Phenomenon, Everything to Know About How Psoriatic Arthritis Affects the Feet, Everything to Know About Pediatric Scleroderma, Scleroderma: A Chronic Connective Tissue Disease, Dorsalis Pedis Artery: Anatomy, Function, and Significance, An Overview of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD), A Look at the Different Types of Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis), Immune System Disorders: Types and Triggers, Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate), International Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Raynaud's Phenomenon, Evidence-Based Management of Raynaud's Phenomenon, Drug-induced Raynaud's phenomenon: beyond β-adrenoceptor blockers, Treatment Of Raynaud Phenomenon: Initial Management, Calcium Channel Blockers for Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon, Use of Nitroglycerine Ointment to Treat Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Systematic Literature Review, To compare the efficacy and safety of nifedipine sustained release with Ginkgo biloba extract to treat patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon in South Korea; Korean Raynaud study (KOARA study). For others with Raynaud's, there is no clear pattern of progression.. Calcium Channel Blockers for Primary and Secondary Raynaud's Phenomenon. What conditions have been associated with Raynaud's phenomenon? Because it can affect multiple other organs of the body, rheumatoid arthritis is referred to as a systemic illness and is sometimes called rheumatoid disease. rate of thyroid hormone production is controlled by the brain by the pituitary gland. Prevention measures are important in primary and secondary RP regardless of the severity. Learn about Raynauds Phenomenon symptoms, diagnosis and treatment from the No. With primary Raynaud's, the physical exam is usually normal, unless an attack of Raynaud's is witnessed and the signs of vasoconstriction are seen. Sufka P. Raynaud’s Phenomenon. When it occurs alone, it is referred to as "Raynaud's disease" or primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud’s syndrome is a rare condition that affects the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to several parts of the body. Treatment depends upon the type of gangrene and how much tissue is compromised by the gangrene. 2017. Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. If your fingers often become cold, numb, painful and change colour, you might have Raynaud's phenomenon. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation of body tissues caused by autoimmune disease. To prevent vasoconstriction of the extremities, be sure to keep your core warm as well. What Shoes Work Best With Arthritic Knees? Medications that can aggravate symptoms of RP by leading to increased blood-vessel spasm include over-the-counter cold and weight-control preparations, such as pseudoephedrine (Actifed, Chlor-Trimeton, CoTylenol, and Sudafed). 48-49:60-65. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.020. Learn how psoriasis, lung problems, and diabetes can cause foot symptoms. the legs or feet. Calcium channel blockers may work best for primary Raynaud's disease, and sometimes higher doses are more effective.. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Raynaud's syndrome is a condition in which a person's fingers, and sometimes toes, turn blue and/or white upon exposure to cold, and then bright red upon rewarming. Wet gangrene symptoms include swelling, pain, pus, bad smell, and black appearance of the affected tissue. To reduce Raynaud's symptoms, wear gloves or mittens outdoors when the weather is cool and indoors when you reach into the freezer. There are several conditions that are associated with secondary Raynaud's. Frequently Asked Questions. Are Your Cold Hands & Feet From Raynaud's Syndrome? Care of the nails must be done carefully to avoid injuring sensitive toes and fingertips. The cause of Raynaud's phenomenon is unknown, although abnormal nerve control of blood-vessel diameter and nerve sensitivity to cold are suspected of being involved. For some, their skin can turn purple, blue or red. However, rheumatoid factor can also be present in individuals with other conditions such as lupus, infectious hepatitis, syphilis, mononucleosis, tuberculosis, liver disease, and sarcoidosis. 1 heart center in the nation. The young, elderly, and patients with certain medical conditions (diabetes, hypothyroidism, circulatory problems, and psychiatric illnesses), are more susceptible to cold weather-related injuries. Raynaud's phenomenon most frequently affects women, especially in the second, third, or fourth decades of life. Raynaud's phenomenon in children is essentially identical to Raynaud's phenomenon in adults. Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans): This condition is usually seen in men who smoke; pulses in the hand or feet may be decreased or absent. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition and the symptoms of hypothyroidism are often subtle, but may include, constipation, memory loss, hair loss, and depression. Medications that can aggravate blood vessel spasm should be avoided by patients with RP. The form of Raynaud’s phenomenon you have affects the symptoms you have. Other rheumatic diseases frequently associated with RP include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. As blood flow returns, the fingers or toes may become bright red (rubor). Patients with secondary RP can also have symptoms related to their underlying diseases. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease involving the abnormal production of extra antibodies that attack the glands and connective tissue. In very severe cases, gangrene can develop and lead to loss of digits.. Doctors who treat Raynaud's phenomenon include general-medicine physicians, family medicine physicians, internists, rheumatologists, and hand surgeons. Maverakis, E., Patel, F., Kronenberg, D. et al. Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition resulting in discoloration of the fingers and/or the toes after exposure to changes in temperature (cold or hot) or emotional events. Also known as Raynaud’s disease, it can occur on … Learn more about treatment. If you have a family member with primary Raynaud’s, you’re more at risk of developing it. Sometimes, certain patterns in the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) adjacent to the fingernails of patients with RP can be seen using a magnifying viewing instrument. If your job requires you to be outside, or if you must travel in cold weather to get to work, talk to your doctor. These include calcium antagonists (or calcium channel blockers), such as diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor), nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Procardia), and other medicines used in blood pressure treatment, such as methyldopa (Aldomet) and prazosin (Minipress). If your symptoms are very bad or getting worse, a GP may prescribe a medicine to help improve your circulation, such as nifedipine, which is used to treat high blood pressure. Discover information about cold feet, itchy feet, burning feet and swollen feet. If you live in a colder climate, warming your car before leaving home can reduce your exposure, and it may pay to invest in a remote car starter. Ointments that open the blood vessels (nitroglycerin ointment) are sometimes used on the sides of severely affected digits to allow increased blood supply and healing. In addition to calcium channel blockers, other categories of medications that have been effective for at least some people include: Nitroglycerine is a vasodilator and may be useful when ulcers are present. With secondary Raynaud's, an examination may reveal evidence of connective tissue disease or other conditions. If you smoke, quit, as smoking causes vasoconstriction. Evaluation of what's believed at first to be primary Raynaud's disease may also lead to the diagnosis of an underlying condition that can then be treated. It affects more women than men, generally under the age of 30. Raynaud’s attacks usually affect your fingers and toes. 2014. I hope you’ll agree with me when I say: “Finding the Best Heated Raynaud’s Gloves for Typing on Amazon or mittens is hard enough as it is, but it is even harder if you suffer from Raynauds disease syndrome.” Read our best gloves for Raynaud’s syndrome from amazon reviews to warm you & beat cold hands to keep your fingers at warmest temperature. This occurs when the blood vessels in … Abnormal nail-fold capillary patterns can suggest the possibility of an associated rheumatic condition. Typically, patients with Raynaud's phenomenon that is a manifestation of a rheumatic disease have elevated blood sedimentation rates and antinuclear antibodies. (Sometimes these medications are decreased or eliminated when the environment is warmer, such as during summer months.) Mild blood thinners, such as aspirin or Persantine (dipyridamole), or drugs that help red blood cells flow better through the circulation, such as Trental (pentoxifylline). Barefoot walking should be minimized. Compression of the blood vessels by tight-fitting wrist bands, rings, or footwear should be avoided. Raynaud’s Phenomenon. Raynaud's syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon or Raynaud's disease, affects around 5% and 10% of the U.S. population, according to the Raynaud's … There are a variety of causes of hypothyroidism, and treatment depends on the cause. Initially, the digit(s) involved turning white because of the diminished blood flow. Coping with Raynaud's syndrome can be frustrating, as it can cause people to significantly limit activities to avoid attacks. Symptoms of dry gangrene include numbness, discoloration, and mummification of the affected tissue. Limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption is helpful. In 10-20% of cases, Raynaud's phenomenon is the initial manifestation of an associated underlying connective tissue disease, such as scleroderma, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. In this procedure, to prevent blood-vessel spasm, the nerves that stimulate the constriction of the vessels (sympathetic nerves) are surgically interrupted. Of this category, Procardia (nifedipine), Norvasc (amlodipine), and Cardizem or Dilacor (diltiazem) appear to be most effective and can decrease both the frequency and severity of attacks; the slow-release forms often work best. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution. Organizations such as the Raynaud's Association provide support and education for many people with the condition. 375(6):556-65. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1507638. Sjögren's Syndrome Treatment Facebook Twitter Linkedin Pinterest Print Autoimmune Sjögren's Syndrome Once you’ve been diagnosed with Sjögren’s syndrome, you and your doctors will develop a plan that meets your needs; your Sjögren’s syndrome treatment will depend largely on the extent and severity of your symptoms. doi:10.1111/bcp.12912. U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division - Disability Rights Section. Procedures are used less frequently than medications and are most often chosen when nothing else is working for symptoms or when complications such as ulcers occur. These treatments target the sympathetic nerves. Raynaud's (ra-nods) syndrome (sin-drom) is a problem with the way arteries carry blood to your fingers or toes. CREST syndrome, also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), is a multisystem connective tissue disorder.The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. Using chemical- or battery-operated hand or foot warmers can be helpful, as can keeping your hands warm by placing them in your armpits while wiggling your fingers.
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